A massive asteroid named Apophis, after the Egyptian god of chaos, is set to pass incredibly close to Earth on April 13, 2029. The asteroid, measuring approximately 340 meters in size, will pass within 32,000 kilometers of Earth, closer than many orbiting satellites.
Initially discovered in 2004 by a team at the University of Hawaii Asteroid Survey, Apophis sparked alarm with early estimates suggesting a 2.7% chance of collision during its 2029 approach. It received the highest-ever rating on the Torino scale, which measures asteroid impact risks. However, updated observations from NASA and other research teams have ruled out the possibility of impact for at least the next century.
Despite the lack of an immediate threat, the close encounter will provide scientists with a rare opportunity to study how Earth’s gravity influences such large objects. Researchers anticipate that the asteroid will experience surface tremors, akin to earthquakes, as gravitational forces alter its orbit and spin.
NASA’s OSIRIS-APEX mission, an extension of the OSIRIS-REx project that returned samples from asteroid Bennu, will examine Apophis during its flyby. The spacecraft will observe changes in the asteroid’s surface and collect material by firing its engines to stir up dust and rocks.
Beyond NASA’s efforts, international projects like Germany’s “NEAlight” are preparing satellite missions to study Apophis’ approach. These initiatives aim to improve understanding of asteroid composition and behavior, potentially aiding planetary defense strategies against future threats.
While Apophis poses no risk to Earth during this pass, its proximity will make it visible to the naked eye. Viewing parties are already being planned, offering a unique celestial spectacle alongside groundbreaking scientific research.
This once-in-a-millennium event highlights the importance of continued asteroid monitoring and preparation for potential future impacts.
